Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA is a naturally occurring hormone (steroid precursor), produced mainly by the adrenal glands, that is capable of converting into many different hormones but most prominently into the sex hormones testosterone or estrogen depending on gender. It was first discovered in Germany by Adolf Buteiiandt and Hans Dannenbaum in 1934. 

In the human body, aging is the main reason for a decline in DHEA levels. Research has shown that the decline already starts in the early 30’s or otherwise with health conditions that cause adrenal insufficiency which results in a decline in DHEA synthesis. The decline of DHEA influences the development of physical and mental impairment that occurs with advancing age [1]. DHEA, that is produced in the brain, can benefit the central nervous system resulting in improved mood, higher energy levels and a sharper mind [2]. 

Off-Label DHEA is often used by men for muscle growth or to burn fat [2][3]. Since DHEA increases levels of testosterone in men, it is popular amongst them to supplement DHEA in conjunction with heavy training sessions that focus on muscle gain or fat loss. Besides, DHEA can increase sex drive, not only in men but also in women. 

Women in and before menopause are proven to have lower estrogen levels which constantly decline while aging further. Estrogen is essential to the reproductive function and cycle of a woman but also to help relieve symptoms of menopause such sleep disorders, anxiety, unstable mood, low sex drive, vaginal dryness.

Effects

• Testosterone release in men
• Estrogen release in women
• Muscle growth in men
• Increased libido
• Fat burning

Dosage

For general health benefits, a dosage of up to 50mg per day is reasonable. For muscle growth or fat burning, a dosage of 100-200mg per day achieve best results. The optimum dosage depends the health condition of each individual and the desired results.

Side Effects

DHEA is a hormone. Use of this supplement might have adverse effects. Most of the side effects result from the raised levels of testosterone and estrogen. An increased levels of androgen can cause a steroid effect. Other side effects can include headache, upset stomach, changes in menstrual cycle, insomnia, high blood pressure, irregular heart beat, facial hair, fatigue, oily skin, acne or hair loss.

Caution

Do not use DHEA if pregnant or lactating. 

People who have high cholesterol or a condition that affects the blood supply to the heart should avoid DHEA. DHEA should not be administered long-term without consulting a health care professional. 

Legality

DHEA is widely available as a dietary supplement without a prescription but the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) listed DHEA as a prohibited substance thus it not being approved for several sports leagues and organizations.

References

[1] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417481

[2] - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9876338

[3] - https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/98/9/3615/2833096

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